Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born at Karachi on December 25, 1876. His father was a leading merchant of Karachi. He received his primary education at Karachi and Bombay. He passed his matriculation examination from the Mission High School, Bombay and went to England for studying law. He was called to the bar in 1896.
He started his legal practice at Karachi in 1896. Next year he shifted to Bombay and in a short time won great distinction as a barrister. From 1930 to 1934 he practiced in England at the Privy Council and established himself as a lawyer of the first order. On his return to India, he resumed practice at Bombay.
In the meanwhile, he had developed a keen interest in politics when he was studying law in England. Therefore, he joined Indian National Congress to work for the self-government for India. He became a member of the All-India Muslim League also and retained membership of both the parties for a long time. Jinnah worked as a mediator between the two parties and tried to bring about an understanding between the Muslims and the Hindus. In acknowledgment of his services and popularity the “Jinnah Hall” was built in Bombay.
When the Indian National Congress rejected the Montagu-Chelmsford Scheme of 1918 and launched a non-co-operation movement, Jinnah left the Congress. He did not agree with the Non-Co-operation Movement because he considered it a departure from the policy of constitutional agitation. From this time onward he became the most determined critic and opponent of all the policies of Gandhi. He was convinced that the Hindus were pursuing a deliberate policy. The Hindu domination over the entire subcontinent of India.
As a result of Muhammad Ali Jinnah soon became the voice of the Muslims of India. He formulated their demands and presented them in the form of the famous Fourteen Points in 1929. In 1934 he undertook the arduous work of uniting the various Muslim groups under the banner of the Muslim League. He also re-organized the Muslim League to make it an active and united organization. Under his inspiring and able leadership, the Muslim League contested elections in 1935 and swept the polls in the Punjab, Sind, and Bengal.
With the passage of time more and more Muslims were joining the Muslim League. Other Muslim parties in Bengal and Punjab accepted the leadership of Jinnah and also joined the League. In 1940 the Muslim League passed the famous Lahore Resolution demanding Pakistan-a sovereign Muslim State, comprising the Muslim majority areas of India.
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah showed great ability and tremendous courage in his struggle for Pakistan. He countered the shrewd moves of the Congress and was able to change the view of the British Government. His lifelong struggle was crowned with success on 14th August 1947, when Pakistan came into being.
Quaid-e-Azam became the first Governor-General of Pakistan. He worked day and night for the consolidation and progress of the country. His health had been failing for many years; now the great responsibilities of the state wrecked his health, and he passed away on September 11, 1948.
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